There are quite a few titles/positions that the exam likely will allow access to if one has the required passing score & the relative past working experience in certain areas [ie.Accounting/Finance, Engineering/Security Management/Industrial Psy] [these below are all from mta analyst job postings ]
Associate Staff Analyst $72,835 - $94,307
Assistant Transit Management Analyst II: $64,433 ~ $71,762
Assistant Transit Management Analyst I: $55,493~ $65,696
Assoc. Staff Analyst (OA): $72,835 - $94,307
Assoc. Staff Analyst (TA): $70,064 - $90,716 (New Hire Rate: $60,925)
Staff Analyst II (OA): $64,433 - $71,762
Staff Analyst II (TA): $61,981 - $69,030 (New Hire Rate: $53,897)
Staff Analyst I (OA): $55,493 - $65,696
Staff Analyst I (TA): $53,378 - $63,195 (New Hire Rate: $46,416)
Staff Analyst Trainee II (OA): $46,955 - $52,170
Staff Analyst Trainee II (TA): $45,164 - $50,183 (New Hire Rate: $39,273)
Staff Analyst Trainee I (OA): $43,474 - $46,082
Staff Analyst Trainee I (TA): $41,820 - $44,326 (New Hire Rate: $36,365)
While I can say from experence that you can get called for an interview for these analyst positions by applying online and not being on an eliglible list, the odds of landing the job/s seems tough. By not being on the list, one tends to be on the low priority side versus those on an eligible list or someone inside TA already who is transfering/upgrading/switching positions. By passing the exam & getting on the list one has a better shot.
Applying online, sometimes it takes 4 months for a callback, but it does happen, but odds are against getting one of the analyst jobs without passing the exam & landing on a list. Also I think there is a legal obligation to place individuals on the lists into those positions as they open.
Seems the last trainee test was back in 2007, doesn't happen often apparently. Not sure how long a duration exists from exam to scoring to list number placement, but I would lean to it being a wait on the longer side. Taking the exam, but not really expecting much to materialize from it in the near term, 6-12months out maybe something comes of it if one passes.